The study entitled desiccated coconut residue processing as raw materials for animal feed
Coconut fiber residue is the residue remaining after the extraction of the coconut milk coconut service; is a byproduct of the industrial processing of products from fresh coconut fresh coconut oil, coconut milk, coconut milk powder, coconut ... candy. So far the study of the processing technology to improve copra residue values in our country has not been widely appreciated. Meanwhile, if investors exploit more effectively the resources obtained from the product category can contribute significantly to lowering costs and improving the competitiveness of the products of the business coconut processing industry.
1- composition characteristics of coconut meat residue.
Coconut rice cell wall is composed of polysaccharides consisting of 13% cellulose fiber, a little (stain) arabinogalactan, mannan 61% and 26% galactomannan.
The composition of simple sugars obtained after complete hydrolysis of polysaccharides include 60% mannose, 30% glucose, 4% galactose, arabinose 4%, 0.8% 0.7% xylose and rhamnose.
Galactomannan coconut is a co-glycan chains of linked mannose linked together by β (1A 4) and the individual galactopyranose, the ramifications associated with β (1A 6). The corresponding ratios between the simple sugar galactose is 1 to 14 mannose. Mannose and galactose ratio between can affect the solubility of fiber; Purified mannan which is completely soluble, and the higher the concentration of galactose the greater solubility.
The complete hydrolysis mannanan and galactomannan by 3 enzymes: α-D-galactosidase (cut the road link between a pair of galactose and one other line), β-D-mannosidase (cut the road link between a pair of mannose and to one another), β-D-mannanase (cut the fiber link between the two polymers of mannose). β-D-mannanase is the only enzyme of the fiber hemicellulose.
2 - The role of animal feed.
Prebiotics and prebiotic is a food ingredient of beneficial bacteria in the animal body. Prebiotic is a food ingredient by itself is not digested but positive effect on the host by selectively stimulating the growth or activity of one or a few bacteria in the colon healthy. Prebiotic affect the immune response through the effects of probiotics. It is possible biochemical classified as carbohydrates the body can not digest.
Prebiotic has been announced as a functional food that stimulates the growth and activity of beneficial microorganisms in the intestinal tract. The effect of prebiotics have been shown widely in humans. In animals, there are many studies on the prebiotic effect using a number of subjects such as pigs and chickens. Hidaka et al (1986) have published a patent that prebiotics can reduce diarrheal disease and stimulate the growth of piglets by increasing the number of bacterial populations in the gut Bifidobacteria. In addition, prebiotics also be considered a cheap method and promising in controlling diarrheal disease and nutritional disorders in pigs and other animals.
In the late 80s, people interested in using mannose to reduce the amount of harmful organisms in the digestive tract. The study results showed that when added to animal feed, mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) have the effect of reducing the rate and number of lines of Salmonella, Clostridium and E. coli in chicken manure and pig meat.
Mannan oligosaccharides play a role in limiting resistance to antibiotics in animals. Recently, researchers at the University Kentuckey found that the flow rate to ampicillin and streptomycin reduced Salmonella outbreak extracted from yeast cell wall mannan oligosaccharides which contain. Limiting antibiotic resistance is very important to ensure the long-term effectiveness of the use of antibiotics in humans and animals.
In terms of industrial livestock and poultry suffer chronic immune stress. One of the results of other studies have also demonstrated mannan oligosaccharide can also reduce the inflammatory response in turkey.
3 Use coconut residue in processed animal feed.
Mannan and galactomannan of coconut as well as many other types of industrial products is currently being used to study substrate fermentation and carbon supplies in the mold mannanase enzyme production. One of the new applications of mannanase are interested in current world is used to hydrolyze the creation of galactomannan oligosaccharides as the substrate for the generation of beneficial microorganisms in the intestinal or metabolic mannan-rich materials as feed for livestock. Preparations when used mixed with other types of animal feed will work resolution fiber is destroyed mannan antibodies and increases nutrient absorption of the pet food. In addition, the products of hydrolysis is the mannooligosaccharides also acts as prebiotics help to increase the animal's resistance.
In animal husbandry, diets of animals typically have levels of pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose high. But animals have the ability to synthesize very limited resolution of current carbohydrase enzyme starch and disaccharide. In animal digestive juices without degrading enzyme linked -1,4-glucoside therefore can not hydrolyze cellulose and hemicellulose and convert it into a form to be assimilated. Such a broad group glucid will not be resolved by the animal's own enzymes that due to microbial enzymes. Mannanase enzyme supplements used in poultry feed, animal feed of birth, mannanase resolution capable of indigestible fiber in foods makes this product a soft, easily digested than ... thereby increasing the absorption of food.
Addition of mannanase hydrolysis products are mannooligosaccharides role as prebiotics help improve animal health. In fact it has been supplemented in the feed of chickens mannooligosaccharides for this purpose.
Worldwide, currently there are many studies demonstrating the effectiveness of the mannanase enzyme level increases digestion and absorption of food, as well as breaking down the nutritional antioxidants found in many types of feed materials cattle. Which significantly is the mannan-containing materials such as soybean residue, palm kernel, Guar flour, coconut pulp, canola, barley, corn .... Hemicellulase Feed Additive is the name of a company's products Hemicellulase ChemGen Corp., USA, has been offered widely for food supplement for pigs and poultry in many countries such as America, Latin America, China, and many other Asian countries.
4 The results of local research.
In 2006, a research team from the Department of Biotechnology - Research Institute of Oil and Oil crops have implemented the project "Research copra processing residues as raw materials for the production of feed for cattle." The study results showed that the coconut pulp processing technology has created products for animal feed formulation achieved the quality standards under current regulations; simple process technology and is capable of wide application in the area of coconut material. The detailed conclusions of the study are as follows:
1 The basic materials used in the production of the coconut pulp - the byproduct of technology products from fresh coconut meat coconut milk, coconut milk powder, coconut oil, VCO ...
2 strain of microorganisms suitable for technology and product quality has been selected as Aspergillus awamori strain CF1.
3. been developed process technology copra processing residues as raw materials for the production of animal feed. The main parameters of the process are defined as follows:
- PH of the fermentation broth first: 4
- Component C: 10% coconut residue
- Ingredients N: nano3 0.9% + 1.3% hydrolyzed protein translation
- Fermentation time: 8 days at room temperature (28-300C)
4 Products of fermentation residues coconut with Aspergillus awamori strain CF1 meets the requirements for the production of raw materials for animal feed
